Emotional Dysregulation: Understanding the Causes and Finding Balance

Reviewed by Debra Feinberg LCSW

At Maplewood Counseling, we provide inclusive care for people of all races, cultures, and backgrounds, including interfaith, interracial, BIPOC, LGBTQIA+, and blended families. Our therapists bring lived experiences and specialized training to create a safe, affirming space for all.

Navigating Emotional Storms | Emotional Dysregulation Causes, Types, Treatments

Imagine feeling overwhelmed, unable to control your emotions, or swinging between high and low states of mind. This is the reality for many people living with emotional dysregulation. Emotional dysregulation can deeply impact individuals, families, and relationships, making it crucial for us to understand and manage it effectively.

In this blog post, we’ll explore what emotional dysregulation is, the different types, its causes, and how it manifests. We’ll also discuss its impact on personal and professional relationships and highlight the best treatments and coping strategies. By the end of this article, you’ll have a better understanding of emotional dysregulation and how to support yourself or loved ones dealing with it.

Have you ever felt hijacked by your own emotions? Maybe a small disagreement spirals into hours of overwhelming anger, or a minor setback leaves you feeling paralyzed by sadness. If you often feel like you are riding an emotional rollercoaster with no brakes, you are not alone. This experience is often referred to as emotional dysregulation.

It can feel isolating and exhausting. You might worry that your reactions are “too much” for your partner or family to handle. But here is the reassuring truth: emotional dysregulation is not a character flaw. It is a challenge that can be understood, managed, and healed.

We want to help you make sense of these intense storms. By exploring the causes, types, and strategies for regulation, you can begin to reclaim your peace and build stronger, more resilient relationships.

What is Emotional Dysregulation?

Emotional dysregulation refers to difficulty managing emotional responses. It isn’t just about “being emotional”—we all have feelings. Dysregulation happens when those feelings are so intense, rapid, or long-lasting that they disrupt your daily life and relationships.

Imagine your emotions are like a thermostat. For most people, the thermostat adjusts gradually to changes in the environment. For someone experiencing dysregulation, the thermostat might be broken—suddenly blasting extreme heat or freezing cold without warning.

This can manifest in many ways:

• Hyperarousal: Feeling constantly on edge, anxious, or quick to anger (fight-or-flight).
• Hyporeactivity: Feeling numb, checked out, or unable to access your emotions at all (freeze).
• Mixed States: Rapidly swinging between feeling everything and feeling nothing.

10 Common Causes of Emotional Dysregulation

Understanding the root cause is often the first step toward compassion and healing. Why does this happen? It is rarely just one thing. It is usually a complex mix of your history, biology, and current environment.

1. Childhood Trauma or Neglect

Our brains learn how to soothe themselves early in life. If you experienced trauma, abuse, or neglect as a child, your nervous system may have developed a “hair-trigger” response to danger, making it harder to calm down as an adult.

2. Genetics and Family History

Just as you might inherit your grandmother’s eyes, you can inherit a predisposition for emotional sensitivity. If mood disorders run in your family, you may be biologically more susceptible to dysregulation.

3. Chronic Stress

When you are under constant pressure—whether from work, financial strain, or relationship conflict—your window of tolerance shrinks. Your brain is so busy surviving the stress that it has fewer resources left to regulate emotions.

4. Neurodivergence (ADHD and Autism)

Many neurodivergent individuals experience emotions more intensely. Conditions like ADHD or Autism Spectrum Disorder often come with differences in how the brain processes stimuli and regulates impulses.

5. Mood Disorders

Underlying mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder, often feature dysregulation as a core symptom.

6. Hormone Imbalances

Hormones are powerful chemical messengers. Fluctuations due to thyroid issues, reproductive cycles, or other medical conditions can significantly impact your mood stability.

7. Substance Use

Alcohol and drugs might offer temporary relief, but they ultimately disrupt the brain’s natural chemical balance, often leading to a rebound effect of increased volatility.

8. Chronic Pain or Illness

Physical pain is exhausting. When your body is constantly fighting pain, your emotional resilience is naturally lower, making you more reactive to emotional stressors.

9. Environmental Triggers

Living in a chaotic, invalidating, or unsafe environment keeps your nervous system on high alert. It is hard to regulate your internal world when your external world feels out of control.

10. Lack of Coping Skills

Sometimes, we simply weren’t taught how to handle big feelings. If your caregivers didn’t model healthy emotional regulation, you might not have the toolbox you need yet.

How Dysregulation Impacts Relationships

When you are in the throes of dysregulation, your relationships often take the hardest hit. It can create a painful cycle:

• The Reaction: You feel hurt and lash out or shut down.
• The Fallout: Your partner feels attacked or rejected and pulls away.
• The Shame: You feel guilty about your reaction, which fuels more dysregulation.

Partners may feel like they are “walking on eggshells,” unsure of what will trigger the next storm. This can erode trust and intimacy over time. But remember, this cycle can be broken.

3 Steps to Cultivate Emotional Balance

Healing is possible. It starts with small, intentional shifts in how you relate to your emotions.

1. Practice the “Pause”

Reactivity happens fast. The antidote is slowing down. When you feel the physical signs of a storm rising (racing heart, clenched jaw), try to pause. Even a ten-second break can help your thinking brain catch up with your emotional brain.

• Try this: Take three deep, slow breaths before you respond to a trigger.

2. Name It to Tame It

Emotions can feel like a tangled knot. labeling them can loosen the grip. Instead of just feeling “bad,” try to be specific. Are you feeling disrespected? Overwhelmed? Lonely?

• Try this: Use “I feel” statements. “I feel anxious right now because I’m worried about our finances.”

3. Seek Co-Regulation

We are wired to connect. A safe, calm partner can help soothe your nervous system. This is called co-regulation.

• Try this: If you are struggling, ask your partner for what you need. “I’m having a hard time regulating right now. Can we just sit together quietly for a few minutes?”

How Therapy Can Help You Heal

Sometimes, willpower isn’t enough. If dysregulation is affecting your quality of life, professional support can be a game-changer. Therapies like Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are specifically designed to teach emotional regulation skills.

At Maplewood Counseling, we provide a safe, inclusive space for you to explore these patterns without judgment. Whether you are an individual looking for peace or a couple seeking to reconnect, we are here to help you navigate the storm and find solid ground.

You deserve to feel in control of your emotional world.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: Is emotional dysregulation a permanent condition?
A: No, it is not necessarily permanent. While some biological factors may be lifelong, the skills to manage emotions can be learned and strengthened. With practice and therapy, the intensity and frequency of dysregulation often decrease significantly.

Q: How do I know if I have emotional dysregulation or just a “bad temper”?
A: A key difference is the ability to soothe yourself. If you find it nearly impossible to calm down after a trigger, or if your reactions consistently feel out of proportion to the situation and damage your relationships, it is likely more than just a temper.

Q: Can couples therapy help if my partner is the one who is dysregulated?
A: Absolutely. Relationships are a system. Therapy can help the dysregulated partner learn coping skills while helping the other partner learn how to support them without enabling the behavior or losing their own boundaries.

Q: Do you treat neurodivergent individuals?
A: Yes. We are an inclusive practice and understand that neurodivergence (like ADHD or Autism) plays a significant role in emotional regulation. We tailor our approach to honor your unique brain wiring.

Helpful Resources

• Couples Therapy
  Find support for relationships with compassionate, evidence-based couples counseling tailored to your unique needs.
• Individual Therapy
  Explore personal growth and emotional well-being in a confidential, supportive environment designed for individuals.
• Family Therapy in NJ
  Strengthen family bonds and navigate life’s challenges together with our inclusive, family-focused therapy services.

If you have additional questions or want to take the next step, please don’t hesitate to reach out. Your well-being matters to us, and we are here for you every step of the way.